Valero Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Valero Energy - Essay Example 4. Fundamentally talk about whether Valero Energy has broadened its items and administrations. Furnish 3 proposals with a time period included of how Valero Energy can make better an incentive through enhancement of its corporate-level methodology. 5. Fundamentally talk about whether Valero Energy has made and continued an upper hand through its business-level procedure. Give 3 instances of various ecological influencers that have influenced its business-level methodology. [1] Valero is a purifier of oil feedstock. It purchases oil from organizations that remove them starting from the earliest stage Valero transforms the stuff into clean fuel and different items like plastics, black-top, aromatics, and so forth that it offers to different organizations. Valero’s enterprising way of thinking is nearer to that of a little privately-run company where all who work for it feel that they have a stake in the achievement and productivity of the organization. In a June 2006 meeting with HR Magazine, Valero’s first CEO (who resigned in 2005) conceded that the worry of the executives is fundamentally how to deal with its kin so they improve their activities, increment refining limit and yield, and help run the organization better. Benefits as a rule follow in light of the fact that the individuals are glad working for the organization. Since 1980, the organization has dealt with its kin †it has not laid off a solitary representative in the last twenty-nine years †thus has the advantage of getting the best among the individuals who go after positions there, remunerating them for their commitments to the organization. Procedure and item advancements at Valero are overseen by sharing the R&D ability of scientists for its four fuel (gas, diesel, stream fuel and renewables) and eight claim to fame (aromatics, black-top, propane, sulfur, base and procedure oils, oil coke, solvents and petroleum gas fluids) items following the essential rules of being condition benevolent,

Advantages of Participative Leadership Style Are Discussed Below

Question: Examine About the Advantages of Participative Leadership Style? Answer: Introducation: While the course educational plan my college has led a Big Five Personality Test in which I had taken an interest. My vocation objective is consistently to lead a gathering of roused individuals. In this way, interest in the character test has been urging for me to get a knowledge of my administration possibilities and myself certainty. I generally accepted that I have consistently cleaned by aptitude to be a fruitful innovator sooner rather than later; in this manner, the test can be a successful device that would reflect my both positive and negative characteristics before me. Contingent upon the aftereffect of the character test, I can take my further choices. During my temporary job program, I had been assembled up with three different individuals from my college. We were doled out to a particular domain and solicited to visit all the stores from the particular organization. Our essential duty was to direct the tasks and representatives practices towards the clients. Then again, our auxiliary duty was to make an introduction of the discoveries we got from the store visits. Since we were fresher, therefore, none of us had any information in this field. I took the imitative to lead the group with the endorsements of each other part. At first, I led a short meeting with my group to investigate their subject matter, in view of which I have taken further choices. I am an outgoing individual, in this manner consistently decide on open communications and site visits. In addition, the meeting additionally helped me to recognize different individuals who had the same characteristics of me. The remainder of the individuals were spent significant time in the substance spaces, along these lines, were OK with the introduction part. In this way, I and my individual accomplice used to visit the stores and managed in the workplace and the representatives' disposition towards clients. By the day's end, the essential information were sent to the introduction group and the group arranged an expert PPT dependent on the conveyed information. In this venture, I guaranteed that the entirety of our work as a group and disposed of every single negative viewpoint that could hamper our undertakings quality. My initiative methods have helped us to get gratefulness from the administration and dependent on our introduction, the association had made further move to improve its in-stores working condition. I was blessed to get one more opportunity to unquestionably assist my group with my authority capacities. In our college, we have been doled out with a NPO (non-benefit associations) venture, where I alongside 5 different individuals was clubbed in a gathering. In this, we needed to direct certain exercises to raise assets for the NPO partners. By and by, I have stepped up to the plate and lead the group unhesitatingly. Two of the colleagues in my group were gifted craftsman. Subsequently, I intended to use their abilities to the most extreme. I wanted to buy crude bases from the market and offer it to the clients subsequent to painting it. Myself and another part assumed the liability of investigating markets from where we could buy the bases at least expenses. One of the individuals has been allocated with the fund and accounting duties and keeping in mind that another had a capable comprehension of utilizing internet based life stages. We utilized internet based life locales to ad vance our idea and get important input. I intended to sell the item through a presentation. Hence, the fourth individuals made a splendid activity in advancing every one of the exercises and put our idea on the map among the long range informal communication clients. In addition, the specialists were magnificent in separating the specialties. I figured out how to keep up coordination among the colleagues, which helped us to sell all the items at the greatest rate and give the sum to the NPOs. The aftereffect of my character test shows that I am a tyrant head, which portrays my qualities with a high spotlight on assignments and less on connections. I might want to differ with the consequence of the test. While leading both the undertakings, I have all around composed with my colleagues and furthermore investigated the issue every one of the individuals was looking with singular duties. In the underlying task, I had taken a firm and aggregate choice to investigate the skill characteristics of my colleagues and doled out them duties according to their solace zone. At whatever point the colleagues confronted the issue in their ventures, I generally have taken activities to lead one and one meeting with the individual individuals and resole their issues. In this manner, toward the end, I figured out how to get gratefulness from every one of my colleagues for myself certainty. So also, in the subsequent venture too I arranged put task that has fit into each part particular aptitudes. According to the announcement of Green (2016), dictator pioneers are very undertaking focused and anticipate that individuals should function according to the pioneers directions. Be that as it may, my initiative style in altogether unique in relation to the assignment result. I generally have offered inclinations to the wills and desires for my individual colleagues. In light of the quality and capability of each part, I have certainly structured our task, which has propelled each part to show the positive and bound together mentality towards the group. Accordingly, I accept that my initiative characteristics are classifications under Team Leader since I underline the equivalent spotlight on undertakings, myself certainty and relationship with the kindred individuals. The zones I have to improve are: Now and again, I need concocting successful thoughts. Now and again, I get focused and on edge about my exhibition and coordinating up to the desires for my colleagues. Consequently, I think I will in general contribute a great deal of time and vitality into considering the what-uncertainties as opposed to directing them into gainful work. This brings down me certainty. In this way, I accept that I have to build my concentration to channelize my energies in the positive and profitable ways. This can successfully assist me with overcoming the issue of limited thoughts and help my group with profitable systems. As of now talked about in the above segment that I am a social butterfly essentially, hence, lean toward correspondence with individuals to the most extreme. Now and then, I neglect to oppose myself from talking ineffective things out in the open. In this manner, I accept that because of my social butterfly nature, I stay exceptionally uncovered in an open stage. Brief of the subject In the assessment of Chapman (2017), it tends to be distinguished that initiative is the noteworthy angles, which causes a business to augment its effectiveness and achieve the future objectives. In the comparable setting, Clark Beatty (2016) declared that the most significant expertise of a pioneer is to be able to think deliberately and upgrade me certainty. As indicated by Skelton (2016), a pioneer needs to have a solid information on the inward just as the outer situation of associations. The inner structures of associations are plans dependent on the requests of the objective clients. Subsequently, the essential duty of a pioneer is to keep up a solid association with its colleagues and inspire every one of the individuals to function according to the hierarchical structure certainly. Regions to be created to be a fruitful pioneer Keeping up inspirational disposition With regards to the current explanation, Crowther Lauesen (2016) referenced that positive will in general increment the creation benchmark in an association. It has been recognized that workers are the supporters of pioneers; along these lines, it is exceptionally basic for the pioneers to keep up an uplifting mentality to soak up a similar quality among its colleagues. In the comparative setting, Singh et al. (2017) decided in most of associations the representatives are told to feel positive about the workplace. Hence, if there should arise an occurrence of pioneers neglect to convey idealistic mentality, the equivalent would think about its subordinates. In this manner, it is fundamentally basic for pioneers to keep up its inspirational disposition and self-assurance to guarantee that the supporters stay all around propelled and help the associations to achieve its future goals. Group inspiration capacity In the condition of the current explanation, Singh et al. (2017) declared that with the section of times, mechanical rivalry is expanding. This is naturally expanding pressure inside each association. As indicated by Badewi (2016), clients are getting more extensive decisions in the market, which is improving the weight for the leaving association to endure the wild rivalry of the market. Subsequently, naturally, associations are trying different things with in various exercises and compelling its representative for extra time. Concerning the past setting, Tacon Walters (2016) expressed that the degree of representative exhaustion is expanding with time. It has been distinguished that associations are getting more benefit driven; hence, representatives are frequently misused and are not furnished with the merited installments. Subsequently, representatives in significant associations are found demotivated, which antagonistically influences its last profitability edge. Along these lin es, the essential obligation of a pioneer is to hold its representative inspiration and guarantee that the workers can use its ability aptitudes and self-assurance at the correct spots. Creating worker ranges of abilities According to Bornman Puth (2017), workers are happy to serve association when the executives show a concerning disposition towards representative development and advancement. It has been surveyed that the representatives can be held in associations where the hard works and commitments are esteemed. As per Haque Aston (2016), money related prize isn't the main persuading factor that energizes worker maintenance. Be that as it may, acknowledgment gratefulness, self-assurance and development are likewise basic for a worker to serve an association with a drawn out goal. Workers consistently anticipate a consistent turn of events and development inside associations, in this manner, it is the huge duty of a pioneer to ensure that each of the

Fall 2010 Applicant Facts Post #3 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2010 Applicant Facts Post #3 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog A couple that I am friends with is having a baby soon and they have yet to choose a name.   They were recently talking about lists they were Googling related to the most popular baby names. That got me to thinking and I asked myself, Self, why dont you share the most common names of applicants to SIPA this year?   So in the first round, here are the most common female first names (top 10 by number) in the applicant pool this year, the males will come next week. 1. Elizabeth (20) 2. Jessica (18) 3. Tied at 15 each:   Alexandra, Sarah 4. Jennifer (14) 5. Katherine (13) 6. Tied at 12 each:   Emily, Laura 7. Stephanie (11) 8. Tied at 9 each:   Amanda, Anna, Rebecca 9. Tied at 8 each:   Julia, Maria, Nicole, Rachel 10. Tied at 7 each:   Amy and Sara And a random, useless piece of information if I had been a girl my mother had chosen the name Jennifer for me.

Second Chance at Life Essay - 811 Words

For most teenagers, life is about having fun, being carefree, and not worrying about anything except what to wear, hanging out with peers, and getting good grades in school. This is not the case for the medium built, and long brown haired, 14 year old Kendra Taylor from Celina, Ohio. Born, January 13, 1995 to Ron and Brenda Taylor, Kendra was a healthy seven pound baby girl. She is currently a freshman at Celina High School but took a hard road to get there. From the start of her life, her parents took her to church faithfully, providing her with a strong Christian foundation. Kendra was a stubborn, quiet, and headstrong little girl that loved her brother so much that she would follow him around pinching his cheeks. At the age of†¦show more content†¦These were apparent signs of Congestive Heart Failure. The bus turned around, dropped Kendra off, and she and her family headed to the hospital. Kendra spent the next 9 days in the Intensive Care Unit at Dayton Children’s Hospital under the watchful eyes of a team of physicians who were left pondering the symptoms they had been presented. She was placed on a course of therapy that included a no salt diet, 26 pills every day, and very mild activity. Kendra was referred to a team of cardiologists and rheumatologists at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital for further testing and an eventual diagnosis. Kendra, once an active child, had to start watching every move she made in order to progress in her recovery. This situation had left her feeling shocked, angry, and worried about her school work, but never scared. When asked about why she was never scared, Kendra had this to say, â€Å"I knew God would take care of me and seriously I was never once scared.† Kendra held strong to her Christian faith throughout her entire ordeal. She never questioned God and his motive for allowing her to go through something like this as a young teenager. She believed in God before this and she would continue her belief long after. Kendra said, â€Å"I never asked why, I knew that God was preparing me for something when I amShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Detention : A Second Chance Towards Life1425 Words   |  6 PagesSaurabh Dekate Professor Patricia Loughrey English 301B 23rd September 2014 Juvenile Detention, a second chance towards life The juvenile court established in Chicago in 1899 defines a juvenile as a youth who is not old enough to be held responsible for his crimes. Every state has a standard threshold for age, which classifies the person as an adult or minor. Accordingly, they are prosecuted in the adult or juvenile courts as per their age. United States have experienced an increase in its crimeRead MoreAdoption Is A Second Chance For A Child s Life1748 Words   |  7 PagesMiracle Adoption is a second chance any orphan child would dream of, and for the person or people adopting the child it is a great chance to form that miracle family any person would want. Their whole life will turn around in a 360 motion and it is a big deal. It is an opportunity that should be taken seriously, and the adoptive parents should do research before having a child in their care. Each child is unique and has a different background story. Many adoptive parents are taking advantage processRead MoreTale Of Two Cities Comparison Analysis881 Words   |  4 Pagesand singer named Shelley Fabares once said, â€Å"I was dying but suddenly had a second chance at living.† Mrs. Fabares was lucky enough to be given a second chance. Not many people are gifted with a second chance in life. A book that deals with resurrection as a major theme is A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.Dickens uses the resurrection motif as a way to show character development and the importance of second chances. The initial resurrection seen in the book is of Doctor Alexandre ManetteRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Pregnancy Rates951 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem of teen pregnancy and the associated problems that are attributed to adolescent childbearing than there are specific to the effectiveness and efficacy of second chance homes. Second chance homes help teen mothers and their children comply with welfare reform requirements under the 1996 law (Housing and Urban Development, 2016). Second chance homes can also support teen families who are homeless or currently residing in foster care (Housing and Urban Development, 2016). In addition, research hasRead MoreThe Other Wes Moore Critical Analysis767 Words   |  4 Pagesover his career-ending mistake, Frederico finds new life as a Catholic priest living by the word of god (Zauzmer 1). The world is teeming with second chances and forgiveness, which is a recurring theme in the novel, The Other Wes Moore and the classic, The Scarlet Letter. T he theme of second chances is supported throughout these narratives using the literary elements of imagery and stream of consciousness. The subject matter of second chances is detected in the novel The Other Wes Moore throughRead MoreGiving People A Second Chance By Ernest Martinez905 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Giving People a Second Chance,† he express his thought towards Hispanic ex-convicts. Martinez believes that once ex-convicts do their time in prison, they should be given an equal opportunity to find quality work just as those who were never in prison. He writes that society tends to neglect â€Å"Hispanic brethren who are ex-convicts who need employment avenues for re-entry into society.† Martinez’s main point is that, even individuals who decide to make wrong decisions in life should still have theRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Hot Topic On The Public Eye996 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment has been a hot topic in the public eye for some time. The question on many minds is whether it is acceptable for the state to end one’s life for the crime they have committed. I bel ieve that everyone deserves a second chance. Another issue that we should address is, that in the justice system on daily basis we will encounter mistakes being made. With that said, if an innocent was executed, there is no way for the system to redeem itself, there is no way for that person to be broughtRead MoreSouth Carolina Should Reduce Crime Rates Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesbut also South Carolina. To find a program to reduce incarceration, create a positive outlet, and guide inmates to a second beginning would be wonderful. Think about it- prison’s missions are to reattribute, incapacitate, deterrent, and rehabilitate intimates. A Program offer for inmates is the Second Chance Program, which is offer at Alvin S Glenn Detention Center. Second chance programs offer intimates and ex-convicted felons, both genders (males and females), the opportunity to reevaluate theirRead MoreThe Second Chance Act Of 2007939 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction The Second Chance Act of 2007 (H.R. 1593) was signed by President George W. Bush in the year 2008. This act is also famous by the name Community Safety through Recidivism Safety. Recidivism became a topic of focus since increasing numbers of inmates started getting let out in the society. The key stakeholders of this act are the society at large, the inmates and especially their families (O Hear, 2007). The Second Chance Act of 2007 can be quoted as â€Å"To reauthorize the grant programRead MoreThe Maryland Second Chance Act1163 Words   |  5 PagesCommission on Civil Rights; Meg Ward, Executive Director – Patrick Allison House From: Rachel Harman, Social Work Intern Date: February 15, 2017 Subject: Here’s to Second Chances: Extend the Maryland Second Chance Act to Housing, Not Just Employment The 2015 Maryland Second Chance Act: â€Å"For Employers Only† The Maryland Second Chance Act is a relatively new piece of legislation that authorizes persons to petition the courts to â€Å"shield† conviction records for nonviolent misdemeanors (possession of

Medicine and Euthanasia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1319 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Euthanasia Essay Did you like this example? Medical advances over the past hundred years have extend the life expectancy astronomically. Medicine provides hope that in the event of an â€Å"accident† we can be sure everything will be done to preserve our life, and that the healthcare community will exhaust all possibilities and resources in trying to accomplish this goal. Healthcare also give the reassurance of palliative care to ensure the remaining time on Earth is a painless as possible. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Medicine and Euthanasia" essay for you Create order However, there are those moments when medicine cannot achieve the goals it sets out to. There are times when the pain is still too much handle. It is during these times in which an individual should be able to decide if they wish to continue on. Physician assisted suicide, while ensuring all safeguards and last resort options such as palliative care are met, gives patients an important additional option to their end of life care. Background / Presentation of Ethical Theory: Webster’s defines euthanasia as, â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy.† According to the principalism theory, principalism uses key ethical principles of beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (do no harm), autonomy (respect for the person’s ability to act in his or her own best interests), and justice in the resolution of ethical conflicts or dilemmas. Fidelity (faithfulness) and veracity (truth telling) are also important ethical principles that may be at work in managing ethical dilemmas. (Chitty Black, 2011) This theory can be applied when discussing euthanasia. The first part of this theory is to do â€Å"good†. When a patient is experiencing unrelenting pain associated with a debilitating disease a physician can practice beneficence by eliminating their pain t hrough euthanasia at the patients wish. It is important to note at the same time the physician must â€Å"do good† by ensuring euthanasia is the patient’s decision and the patient’s decision alone. Another aspect of this theory that can be applied to euthanasia is the respect for the person’s ability to act in his or her own best interests. It seems a lot like murder when you think of administering a lethal drug; however, the patient has a right to make decisions about their health and how their end of life is carried out. Patients put their trust and faith in medicine and the health care providers that prace medicine. They trust that the physicians have their best interest in mind and have the knowledge to treat them. These aspects also play another role in the principalism theory—in that physicians have the ethical responsibility to be faithful and truthful to their patients at all time. Physicians should have the opportunity to explain to their patients that there is an option to end their pain and suffering should they wish. While the medical field provides hope to cure diseases and preserve the quality of life when neither of these two can be accomplished the medical filed should also offer the patient an end to anguish. Applying theory, Pros/ Cons: The decision to legalize euthanasia comes with a lot of grey area and is often referred to as a slippery slope. There are many positives to legalizing euthanasia such as a patients right to die. â€Å" The right of a competent, terminally ill person to avoid excruciating pain and embrace a timely and dignified death bears the sanction of history and is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.† (Euthanasia. ProCon.Org, 2013) Through the eyes of the court a mentally competent person has the right to legally make decisions regarding marriage, contraception, the right to refuse medical treatment, as well as the right to an abortion. This concept applies to the principalism theory in which there is respect for the patient’s ability to act in his or her own interests. Another affirmative side to euthanasia is the ability to end patient suffering at end of life. â€Å"It should be considered as much of a crime to make someone live who with justification does not wish to continue as it is to take life without consent.† (Euthanasia. ProCon.Org, 2013) The principalism theory also suggests the ethical responsibility to â€Å"do good† – in â€Å"doing good† means to carry out a patient’s wishes related to their medical treatment. Commonly used today are living wills in which individuals depict their end of life wishes. â€Å"Living wills can be used to refuse extraordinary, life prolonging care and are effective in providing clear and convincing evidence that may be necessary under state statutes to refuse care after one becomes terminally ill. A living will provides clear and convincing evidence of one’s wishes regarding end-of-life care† (Euthanasia. ProCon.Org, 2013) It is in the living will that patients can depict how and if they choose euthanasia and under what circumstances. The patient could then expect the physicians to be faithful in carrying out their wishes. While there are many positive sides to euthanasia there can also be some not so clear areas. Such as euthanasia being viewed as legalized murder. Dr. Edmund D. Pelligrino states, â€Å"If terminating life is a benefit, the reasoning goes, why should euthanasia be limited only to those who can give consent? Why need we ask for co nsent?† (Euthanasia. ProCon.Org, 2013) There is the thought that incompetent patients or the elderly could fall victim to assisted suicide through an advanced directive – in which they are unable to make these decisions with sound mind. End-of-life care can be very expensive whether it be hospice or after a debilitating accident in which the patient remains in the hospital for quite some time. Most of the elderly patients will be on Medicare therefore costing the government large sums of money. There is the argument that assisted suicide drugs cost about $35-45 dollar making them far less expensive than providing medical care. Many worry that cost implications will lead to unjustified euthanasia. Lastly, there is concern of certain social groups that could be at risk for abuse. New York State Task Force state, â€Å"It must be recognized that assisted suicide and euthanasia will be practiced through the prism of social inequality and prejudice that characterizes the delivery of services in all segments of society, including health care.† (Euthanasia. ProCon.Org, 2013) They continue to say that physicians are just as susceptible prejudiced and influenced by race and class as the rest of society. As much as we would like to think that racism and prejudice doesn’t exist in our society it still does. There is great concern that certain social groups could fall subjective to unjustified euthanasia. Conclusion: In the debate of euthanasia commonly referred to as physician assisted suicide there are many valid arguments to both sides—the patients right to die, end patient suffering, and following a patients living will. While these arguments are valid there are other that speak to the contrary such as euthanasia being referred to as legalized murder, physician assisted suicide because of cost implications, and social groups being at a greater risk. There are many areas in legalizing euthanasia that will need to be further though out; however, a patient has the right to decide their medical treatment and, with an evaluation from a psychiatrist, should be allowed to choose euthanasia if they wish. Often times physician assisted suicide is looked upon with a bad connota tion. A study conducted in Oregan on the families members views of physician suicide described their family members as, â€Å"individuals for whom being independent and in control is important, who anticipate the negative aspects of dying, and who believe that the impeding loss of self, abilities, and quality of life will be intolerable.† (Linda Ganzini, MD, MPH, Elizabeth R. Goy, PhD Steven K. Dobscha, MD, 2008) For these patients euthanasia was a way to provide them with control—control of the last remaining aspect of their life, to die with dignity.

Motivation of Nurses in Healthcare Free Essays

string(69) " survey involving 22 hospital systems and 5,176 Runs was circulated\." Nurses and the healthcare industry are having to deal with stressed and De-motivated employees, and never before has levels of Job satisfaction, stress and burnout been so high among nurses In the healthcare industry (Graham, 2006) . The aim of this Annotated Bibliography is to examine the motivation of nurses in healthcare, and specifically to find and study the different motivational theories which Improve levels of motivation among nurses. As stated by (Wham and Ogle, 2007) the question of how to improve the level of motivation in the healthcare industry is perceived to be at the heart of the contemporary health care management debate. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation of Nurses in Healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study builds to show that motivation Is multidimensional and complex needing clearer definitions, If searchers and practitioners are wanting to influence behaviors to motivate others. Similarly, (Hugh, 1995) had the same conclusion that motivating staff to Improve Involves many Interlinking factors. Hugh, 1995) goes on to show that through training and continuing education a team’s confidence and capability are enhanced creating an environment which is essential to maintaining momentum of continuous Increases In staff motivation and enthusiasm for improvement. Likewise, (Lee, 2000) suggests that motivation Is gained by empowering nurses to become role models, to mentor and motivate others. Which in turn enhances employees’ motivation and professional development. The two articles (Wick. DOSS and Northman, 2009) and (Young. Albert, Apaches and Meyer, 2007) are similar in there approach by both identifying incentives to motivate employees. Both articles indicate a breakdown exists between nurse management and nurse practitioners with management not actively listening to nurse who express job stress and dissatisfaction. Both articles suggest flexible work schedules to improve levels of job satisfaction and individualized work incentives. Reference Externally, V. , and Satellite, E. 007) Improving motivation among health care workers in private health care organizations- a perspective of nursing 1 OF 7 personnel, Baltic Journal AT Management, 2(2), 213-224 Alma/ Purpose 10 explore ten experiences of nursing personnel, in terms of their motivation and satisfaction. To identify areas for sustainable improvement to the health care services they provide. Article Type Research Article( quantitative) and brief literature review Method Sample 237 registered nurse practitioners and 30 nurse executive with a 97% returning quota of questionnaires. Data Collection 2 week response time to return survey. 9 close ended questions divided into 11 evaluation parts. Data Analysis: in order to identify barriers to motivation 99 questions were divided into 11 parts based on: Social-psychological competencies Clinical expertise competencies Educational competencies Managerial administration competencies Activity environment Communication and collaboration Responsibility Results and encouragement Autonomy Self realization Activity purposefulness. Each question had two elements or responses to them either reflecting the external or internal motivators of each situation. A score was arranged between the responses Findings Findings were presented individually in 11 parts. Interestingly nurse practitioners and executives both believe personnel empowerment and motivation comes from continuing development and evaluation of personnel problems. Both didn’t foresee that the development of teamwork competencies and structuring of activity of scope of practice as affective ways of motivation. Conclusions The article concluded that with an increase demand for higher productivity, a changing health care systems and managed health care activity restrictions staff motivation is affected, with higher Job dissatisfaction and increased burnout rates. The research concluded that social factors influenced motivators: Motivation decreases when nurses aren’t empowered and not autonomous in activity. Motivation increases when nurses collaborate with physicians by parity. Results showed no difference between nurse practitioners and executives. Strengths Clearly written and articulated The authors is neutral in undertaking research and the viewpoints between nurse practitioners Ana nurse executives. I en autonomous plants toner areas AT research needed. The validity of the research paper can’t be questioned and is therefore a useful reference in future studies. Weaknesses The quality of nursing cannot be assessed in terms of performance referenced criteria, but only in terms of personal qualities displayed in that performance. The characteristics of the provided sample limited the results. Reference Hugh, K. 1995) Motivating staff through teamwork: process review and data display. Health management Journal. 21(4), 32-35. Aim/purpose identify interlinking factors to motivate staff, in terms of total quality management and team work in a healthcare setting. Article type Critique Approach Examines claims there are four interconnecting intervention factors which are essential to motivating staff are: Understanding the ps ychology of excellence in teams Establishing cross-functional quality improvement teams Understanding and reviewing processes of care and service Using data display to motivate. The article also uses psychology to understand total quality management and seeks to show how through teamwork staff become empowered in numbers and motivated. The author attempts to involve six issues which attempts to be a key determinate of staff motivation levels: Awareness of the employee trail Awareness of psychological issues Managing the existing culture of staff Increasing quality improvement attitudes in staff Integration of human resource management into operational teamwork Keeping jargon too minimum. Conclusion Describes four major factors which have practical implications, to motivate staff. The author points out that training and continuing education enhances team’s confidence and capability, and that these factors are essential to maintain momentum and increase staff motivation and enthusiasm for improvement. Strengths The strength of the paper is it is descriptive in nature, and provides the deader with numerous way to improve motivation of employees. Weaknesses The weakness of the paper is it use limited sources back up it claims. The author also appears to be bias in his approach drawing on his own experiences or opinions rather then using evidence based practice. Reference Wick, K. , Dols, J. , and Northman, S. (2000)What nurses want: the nurse incentives project. Nursing economics Journal. 27(3), 169-201. Aim/purpose To explore the relationship between specific factors, which can be managed or changed to improve motivation and Job satisfaction. The authors aims to show that nurse Job distraction, physician interactions, policies or autonomy are all related to staff motivation. Article type Research Method An anonymous survey involving 22 hospital systems and 5,176 Runs was circulated. You read "Motivation of Nurses in Healthcare" in category "Papers" Only 1 ,559 of the anonymous surveys were analyses. This study was designed to allow predictive modeling of a set of independent variables, by including incentives and disincentives, in relation to what causes nurses to be dissatisfied and unmotivated in their Jobs. An online survey was also conducted over a 3 month period using the hospitals intranet, staff were made aware of the online survey through use of flyers. The data collected from both surveys, were analyses using the perceived stress scale. This scale isn’t specifically for nurses and therefore isn’t clinical oriented. The scale is a simple 10 item scale, involves respondents to respond from a range of â€Å"never† to â€Å"very often. The ASS score ranged from 10 to 50. The data used was then compared the mean age of nurses involved and the ethnicity. Findings The article shows that the mean age of nurses involved in the survey is 42. 24 years, with 88. 5% of respondents being female. The ethic breakdown was 5. 3% African American, 6. % Asian, 70. 3% Caucasian, 16. 4% Hispanic, and 1. 3% listed other or no response. Conclusion The results were compared with the levels of staff dissatisfaction and stress showing a direct correlation between increased stress results in De-motivated staff and higher levels of Job dissatisfaction. The levels of dissatisfaction and De-motivation was also comparatively different between the generations, as well as the incentives which staff through the survey identified as means of improving motivation levels. The article recommends that to improve levels of motivation management needs to revive flexible benefits to help create a cohesive work environment. By regarding the role of incentives in designing an environment where benefits and perks will be seen as incentives to perform tasks promptly and thrive in the current nursing workplace. Strengths The strength of this paper is it draws information from a variety of sources increasing the reliability of the document. The data collected is presented statistically and clearly. By using a variety of methods it increases the validity of the paper. Weaknesses A low response rate of 30% could serve as a attention source of bias as some groups or hospitals maybe under-represented. Rather then present ways to improve motivation and levels of dissatisfaction, the article shows that levels of dissatisfaction and motivation are low. With high levels of staff indicating that they are unmotivated and stressed in there Jobs. Reference Lee, L. (2000) Motivation, mentoring and empowerment. The nursing management Journal. 1 (12) 25-27. Aim/purpose To define motivation, and to show that through empowerment and mentoring staff become more motivated to perform. Article type Meta-analysis of literature Approach The author uses the evidence presented by 7 well known nursing journals to define motivation as â€Å"that which impels or compels movement or action. † I en paper contributed to ten area Dye suggesting Tour stages to Deescalate motivation, mentoring and empowerment: Input: motivate employees. Process: mentoring to channel motivation to reach goals. Output: completed goals creates empowerment. Feedback: empowered nurse has greater self-esteem and competence. The article is based on nursing practice to improve quality of care and enhance understanding of the nurse leaders role in motivation, mentoring and empowerment. The article suggests taking a test to identify how one can implement motivation, mentoring and empowerment to encourage higher achievement, to identify characteristics of a successful mentor/protog relationship, and differentiate the stages of motivation, mentoring and empowerment. Conclusion The article shows how mentoring and empowerment of nurses gives nurses freedom to be creativity and to turn ideas into action. The article shows how current literature suggests that a creative climate in which employees can perform, become motivated in their work and are able to motivate themselves and others. The author states that motivation, mentoring and empowerment aren’t separate identities. The author shows how motivation and empowerment fuel mentoring. And that through mentoring protogs become empowered, which enhances professional development and motivation. Strengths The article in itself is motivation, encouraging researchers to become empowered and motivated and to think about think about other means to motivate others that haven’t been thought of before to contribute to this area of knowledge and research. Weaknesses The paper is limited and weakened by not using enough information from scholarly peered reviewed resources. , making very generalized statements. Reference Young, C. , Albert, N. , Apaches, S. , and Meyer, K. (2007) The ‘parent shift’ program: incentives for nurses, rewards for nursing teams. Nursing Economics Journal. 25(6) 339-344. Aim/purpose To introduce the ‘parent shift’ program as innovative model of attracting, retaining and motivating nurses to return into the workforce. The study aims to show how the parent shift nurse program decreases stress, improves time efficiency of full time staff and also improves motivation of involved staff and those that work with them. Article type Research (quantitative) Method The prospective, descriptive, comparative survey research study was conducted in a 1000+ bed hospital. The survey was anonymous and conducted over a 12 month period, and conducted on day one of commencement and 4 months after. This survey was also conducted in reference to the nursing management, who were given a salary survey wanly was contacted 4 months rater ten Implementation. I n data was summarized by mean and standard deviation. Nursing motivators were ranked on percentage and nursing management and URN roles responses were compared. Conclusion A brief literature review was conducted at the start of the article which found that in one study that those involved in the parent shift program that 98. % of respondents found the program extremely useful. And also found that in terms of nursing management it decreased overtime and burnout, and collaboration and team work was also enhanced among nurses. The literature review also stated that nurses motivation and retained in the workforce improved 41. 5% when the current employer accommodated their scheduling needs. In all areas it was found that nurse involved were less stressed, team work improved and URN cohesiveness improved. It was found that a supportive work environment, was created due to flexible working environment. Strengths The study suggests other areas to be improved upon if research is undertaken in the same field again. (program affects on teamwork, interruptions, models of care implementation, ability to meet non-patient care responsibilities and the dynamics of specific roles and responsibilities could strengthen the program). Weaknesses Large sampling size resulted in a generalization of results. Only operated for a short time. Other staff members working along side those involved in the program weren’t revered. And was identified as an important factor in continued program participation. The literature review which was conducted prior research was short and didn’t provide enough information. Conclusion This annotated bibliography highlighted many different opinions and studies related to motivating employees. The research into this topic supports the belief that employee motivation is related to empowerment, mentoring, continued education and autonomy within the workplace. Of the five articles in this annotated bibliography all come to the similar conclusion and finding . They analyses and viewed a sufficient number of studies and theories in the area of motivating staff in the healthcare environment. It can be concluded that motivation increases when nurses collaborate with physicians, the nursing profession is respected and recognized as autonomous and valued by themselves and other healthcare professionals. After analysis of the sources of motivation among nurses as shown through the respective annotations, it is evident that management needs to listen to employees and recognize when motivation is an issue in their unit and the incentives needed to re-motivate staff. How to cite Motivation of Nurses in Healthcare, Papers

Critical Analysis of The Three Potential International Markets

Question: Write an essay ona critical analysis of the three potential international markets (France, Brazil and Japan). Answer: This report provides a critical analysis of the three potential international markets (France, Brazil and Japan) where the bank can expand its banking services to customers. The analysis looked at the sizes of the economy in terms of Gross Domestic Product, the government policies, infrastructure and general banking sectors of different countries. The analysis also looked in depth at cultures of people from the three countries (France, Brazil and Japan) because culture plays a critical role in international business management. The report found that France is more advanced in terms of infrastructure compared to the other two markets. In terms of technology Korea was ahead whereas in terms of population and growth market potential Brazil emerged on top. Analysis of stock market performance in the two countries was also done revealing some key investment insights which I believe is helpful to the management. The report was concluded and recommendations were given based on the existing facts and information collected during the analysis. The report recommends that the bank should invest in Brazil because of the enormous potential and business prospects that the country offers. Market structures France France is one of the leading economies in the world and in terms of ranking it sits at position six in the world economy. The country has a population of approximately 66,000,000 people and 65% of the population aged between 14 to 65 years (International Monetary Fund, 2013). Such a population shows that majority of the people are active and working, and this provides a better market for service businesses (International Monetary Fund, 2013). Some key sectors of the economy such as telecommunication, electricity, railway and aircraft are controlled by the government (Meyer, 2014). Majority of the population in France is medium and high-income earners and therefore there is a low rate of poverty and higher purchasing power among the people (Organization, 2009). Property rights and contract enforcement in the France is very strict and therefore the market structures highly support the formation of mergers, and implementation of contracts (International Monetary Fund, 2013). There is high tax rate for foreign corporations and companies in France, which make the cost of doing business for a foreign corporation very high. Last year, France banking sector had 383 banks offering services and among the 35 leading banks in the world, five of them are from France, and this makes the country one of the major European countries with a compact banking sector in the market (Organisation, 2009). The market has a high rate of capitalization among the European countries due to the high number of banks in the economy. In terms of labor, France has more than sufficient qualified people to work in the market with an unemployment rate of 10%. The high number of trained people in the country implies that banking business cannot lack qualified experts to work in the banks. Brazil Brazil has an approximate population of 202 million people in the world which offers a very large market share for the products and services. The market growth rate is high because looking at the GDP of the country indicates that many sectors of the economy continue to grow, and these businesses need services (Meyer, 2014). The large number of people and a lot of businesses offers good business opportunity for banking business. The country has a higher per capita income with more than half of the people living above the middle class earning an income of $11, 500 to $29,000. (Int'L, 2015).The size of Brazilian market has grown rapidly, and this provides many opportunities for global banks. The banking sector in Brazil is one of the most stable in the South American countries. Due to the strong financial sector, there is a high rate of inflow of foreign direct investment, and this has further strengthened the national currency of Brazil. The banking sector of Brazil is characterized by acquisitions especially for private banks even though two government-owned banks continue to dominate the market. Furthermore, the Brazilian government does not regulate the sector and therefore there has been a high rate of borrowing among the people in the banking sector. Brazil's market is dominated by services sector that accounts for 67.5% of the country's GDP, and this market sector employs up to 66% of the total labor force (Int'L, 2015). This is an indicator that the government programs support the services sector including banking and therefore it is easier for a service business such banking to succeed in Brazil (Int'L, 2015). Korean market structure South Korea is a free market economy with few regulations that allows companies to do business with little interference. Therefore, Korean economy is heavily defined by South Korea due to the robustness of different sectors that continue to expand including manufacturing and services. The Korean market is structured along technological advancement, and most of the services offered in the country are through the use of technology (Christiansen, Turkina Williams, 2013). The market is further dominated by large family owned corporations and boasts some of the worlds leading technology firms namely LG and Samsung. Presence of large technology companies provides good business opportunity for service sector businesses such as banking. Regarding political stability, Korea is slightly stable due to the totalitarian nature of North Korea and the ever rising tension between South and North Korean countries (Christiansen et al., 2013). The Korean market is open and free, and this makes it vulnerable to market shocks because there are no strong institutions to protect the country from such shocks. Furthermore, the population of Korea is aging at a high rate which implies that there is a less active young population to work in the various sector of the economy (Yu, Wai-Kee Kwan, 2014). Acquiring banks in Korea is a risk because the bank risks lack of innovative young people to work in the banking sector thus increasing the cost of labor acquisition. Potential size and profitability of the markets France Due to high government regulation in the financial sector and ownership of key areas by the government, there is market stability in France fostered by the political stability due to peace that France enjoys. Development of the manufacturing sector in the country also boasts the potential growth of France as an economy, and once the economy is booted, banking sector also gets a boost (Int'L, 2015). However, France has well-established banks that are dominant and offers stiff competition in the industry. Furthermore, high domination of the government and many regulations deter foreign companies from investing in the economy and therefore the potential of growth in size and profitability of the banking sector is limited for banks that seek to enter the French market. Brazil Currently, the Latin American economies are in danger due to the slowdown trend in their annual growth rate of Brazil and Venezuela as at the end of 2015. In the past, the economies were growing at an average rate of 4.2% from 2004 to 2013 but by 2014, the rate dropped to 1.3%. In the same year of 2015, Brazils economy grew by only 0.1 percent which is one of the worst ever performance for a Latin American leading economy in history since the year 2009. According to GDP forecasts, the Brazilian economy is expected to fall by 1.2 percent in the year 2016 which is a worrying trend. The trend is supported by the fact that most asset managers have moved swiftly to liquidate their assets in Brazilian financial institutions which are an uncommon scenario. There is a looming danger of instability in the banking sector because government has failed to control credit creation by state-run financial institutions. There is a high rate of borrowing in the financial institutions that are owned by the government and part of the borrowing is funded by public money. This puts the private financial institution at a risk of being thrown out of business and therefore institutions that want to grow in Brazil are put at a risk. Regarding loan growth, the Brazilian economy has been slowing down in the recent year of 2015. In 2014, the Brazilian GDP slowed down despite the fact that the loans increased. The credit growth rate began to slow down in the first half of the year 2015 which affected the profitability of the banking system. In the first half of 2015, credit growth rate was estimated to be 1.05 percent compared to 2.7 percent in 2014. Despite the economic slowdown, banks continue to make profits which predict a good prospect for banking business. Korea The Korean economy is Information technology driven and has a very high level of creativity. In the world of technology, the company has developed financial technologies that aid in banking service delivery (International Business Publications, 2012). Furthermore, in the recent years, there has been some strict regulations of the credit creation in the financial sector. These strict rules have brought sanity in the Korean banking industry which has seen the sector grow rapidly (Yu, Wai-Kee Kwan, 2014). Furthermore, due to a high level of technology creativity in Korea, many corporations continue to channel their resources to Korea for investment in technology (International Business Publications, 2012). This influx of foreign direct investors in the Korean economy offers a great opportunity for businesses providing services such as banking and financial advisory. However, the recent regulations passed by Korean regulators that allow non-financial institutions to hold more than 50 percent stakes in the internet-only banks is a big blow to the banking sector. These adjustments encourage mobile banking and financial institutions reducing business for banks because many people will shift to internet-only banking system rather than visit banks for the services. Therefore, there is high growth potential in the banking sector in Korea for already established banks but for those new banks it is a big challenge. Analysis of potential problems In France the main problem that foreign banks may face is compliance with the existing regulations for the banking sector. The French government is so strict in the banking sector following the financial crisis that hit the sector in the year 2008 (Roett Brookings Institution, 2011). Banks need to only offer a limited amount of credit to customers, and this is a stumbling block for new banks that need to expand their operations into France (Gup, 2007). In France, there is a possibility of strong competition from the non-bank institutions that offer credit to people and businesses because the law allows for non-banks to provide finances to businesses and people freely (Department, 2013). Due to high competition in the provision of loans, banks have to lend money to businesses at a lower rate thus making less profit. It is also difficult for foreign banks to acquire local banks because local banks in France are well established and furthermore the regulations are a stumbling block. In Brazil, there is a potential economic slowdown as evident from statistics of the countrys GDP and a growth rate that have been slowing down in the recent years (Int'L, 2015). Banks will be negatively affected by the economic slowdown because savings and investment depend on the level of economic growth. With a slowing economy, the banking sector in Brazil is at a risk of running at a loss because the amount of loans issued to customers keeps reducing with time (Int'L, 2015). Furthermore, the great relationship that Brazil enjoys with the United States may make it difficult for another international corporation from a different country that wishes to invest in Brazil to accomplish its strategy (Int'L, 2015). Since this bank is an Australian bank, it will be difficult for the bank to gain a substantive market share in the banking sector given that there are already United States banks dominating Brazil and many other companies that originate from the U.S. (Int'L, 2015). In Korea, banks have a problem of keeping up with non-financial institutions that have been allowed by the law to offer internet-only banking services (Yu,Wai-Kee Kwan, 2014). Such institutions enjoy a large share of potential bank customers which gives a more challenging task for the new bank that wants to gain access to the Korean market. Furthermore, Korea is an Information technology driven economy which requires that any firm that seeks to enter the market must have a good technology strategy for it to succeed otherwise it will be difficult. There are also strict barriers to entry of new firms into the Korean economy because of the existing regulations that seek to protect local companies. The tight regulations in Korea act as a deterrent for a foreign corporation seeking to get access the market and acquire some local businesses (Yu,Wai-Kee Kwan, 2014). Analysis of future development French banking sector is already dominated by large government-owned banks and private banks that have large asset bases to compete with anybody who comes to the area as a competitor (Crane, 2000). Banks offer loans at a cheaper interest rate as witnessed in the loans given to SMEs (Trumbull, 2012). Banks in France offer loans to SMEs at an average rate of 4.90 percent which is lower than the rate offered by banks in the Euro Zone countries (Trumbull, 2012). Due to the above reasons, it is clear that banking sector in France is already established and therefore leaves little room for growth in the future. In Brazil, despite the slowing down of the rate of economic growth, commercial banks continue to make huge profits on financial services they offer to customers through lending and financial support services (Becker, n.d.).The return on equity for big private banks in Brazil reveals that the sector continues to enjoy high profitability despite the general economy slowing down. The banks recorded the earnings per dollar invested rate of 20 percent which is twice that recorded by most of the United States banks (Becker, n.d.). Furthermore, due to lack of regulation by the government, banks in Brazil enjoy high profits by charging higher interest rates on loans they offer to customers (Cyree, Huang, Lindley, 2011). Banks have also an option of buying government bonds to protect their investments from market shocks and through this programs they make more money while at the same time keep their investments safe (Cyree, Huang, Lindley, 2011). From these statistics, it is clear that there is potential for growth in Brazilian banking sector. Banks seeking to acquire banks in Brazil have an upper hand of succeeding because of the higher profits enjoyed by the existing banks in the economy. For financial sector of Korea, there is potential for the banking sector to develop more regarding financial technology and sector in general. The only obstacle to the future development of banking system in Korea is the heavy regulations put in place by the government to protect the local companies which bar entry of other banks that might be more efficient in terms of providing financial services. Therefore, future development is only possible if the government lessens barriers to entry into the market. International banks seeking to access Korean market find it hard because of the existing tight barriers for entry of international corporations. Foreign exchange and trade implications French foreign exchange market operates efficiently and the stocks are trading at a profit. In this country banking, a business can operate very well because there are no fluctuations in prices of financial assets which are important for any financial institution (Christiansen, Turkina, Williams, 2013). In Brazil, the current stock market is among the best stock markets in the world which are only second to Argentina. Even though the economy is headed in a slow down direction but the stock market performance is good. The good stock market attracts investors who increase the prospect of the need for banking services and also the stock exchange business is facilitated by banks (Gup, 2007). Korean stock market is not stable because of its vulnerable nature due to lack of policies to protect the market. Therefore, the banking business in such an economy is very risky due to the unpredictability of the market. Cultural consideration French people love and are proud of their language and therefore for any business to succeed in France, employees of the company must know how to speak French (Crane, 2000). France is also a country that is strict on rules, and therefore, a company that seeks to establish a business there must abide by the rules without exemption (Crane, 2000). Stricter government regulation deters any foreign bank from acquiring local banks in France and further more the tight lending rules also deter new banks from expanding their operations via credit expansion. Brazil is dominated by Catholics who value truth and therefore they have tiny tolerance for uncertainty. Due to intolerance to uncertainty, the society has set strict rules for everybody (Christiansen et al., 2013). Before the bank moves to Brazil, management must ensure that employees understand the Latin language and provide a high level of integrity to avoid clashing with the culture. The bank management needs to consider the values of Koreans and how they relate to their culture. Koreans live according to Confucius values that promote respect, avoid extremism and working hard is the virtue of Koreans (De, 2004). Before acquiring banks in Korea, it is important that management of the bank carries a strong culture analysis to determine the cultural values and business etiquette of Koreans (De, 2004). Conclusion There are various key factors that bank management should consider before pursuing international expansion policy. And these include stock market stability of the country, the culture of the people in that particular country, prospects for future development, potential size and profitability of the interest sector in the country, and the problems that organization might encounter while pursuing the strategy. An excellent country to invest in must have a stable foreign exchange market, capacity to expand, prospect of future development and the potential of the market size for the sector. From the analysis report, it is clear that the bank will face different obstacles in different markets but key among is compliance with the banking sector regulations that seem to be very strict especially in France and Korea. Potential of future growth also plays a significant role in determining which market to pursue amongst the three financial markets. Therefore, the bank needs to make the above considerations before making a decision to choose which market structure suits its expansion strategy and choose wisely for profitability purposes. Recommendations I recommend that the bank enters Brazil as its next destination because of various reasons. First, Brazil has few regulations and barriers to entry into the banking sector. Furthermore, the stock market of Brazil is the best performing which implies that the bank will be able to make more profits through stock market facilitation as more investors invest in Brazilian foreign exchange market. Statistics show that in the recent past banks in Brazil continue to make profits despite the fact that the economy is slowing down and therefore it is a good country for the bank to make acquisitions. References De, M. B. (2004). Korean business etiquette: The cultural values and attitudes that make up the Korean business personality. Boston, Mass: Tuttle Pub. International Business Publications, USA. (2012). Korea, South Investment, and Business Guide: Strategic and Practical Information. Intl Business Pubns USA. Crane, R. (2000). European business cultures. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Christiansen, B., Turkina, E., Williams, N. (2013). Cultural and technological influences on global business. Hershey PA: Business Science Reference. Top of Form Roett, R., Brookings Institution. (2011). The new Brazil. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press. Becker, T. Doing business in the new Latin AmericaBottom of Form Int'L, B. P. U. (2015). Brazil investment and business guide: Strategic and practical information. Place of publication not identified: Intl Business Pubns USA. Asongu, J. (2007). Doing business abroad: A handbook for expatriates. Place of publication not identified: Greenview Pub. Christiansen, B. (2012). Cultural variations and business performance: Contemporary globalism. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Meyer, E. (2014). The culture map: Breaking through the invisible boundaries of global business. Kim, S. (2005). Internal labor markets and employment transitions in South Korea. Lnaham, Md: Univ. Press of America. Jho, W. (2013). Building telecom markets: Evolution of governance in the Korean mobile telecommunication market. Cyree, K., Huang, P., Lindley, J. (2011). The Economic Consequences of Banks Derivatives Use in Good Times and Bad Times. Journal Of Financial Services Research, 41(3), 121-144. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10693-011-0106-y Department, I. M. F. M. C. M. (2014). Republic of Korea. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Department, I. M. F. M. C. M. (2015). Republic of Korea. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Claessens, S., Forbes, K. (Eds.). (2013). International financial contagion. Springer Science Business Media. Uhde, A., Heimeshoff, U. (2009). Consolidation in banking and financial stability in Europe: Empirical evidence. Journal of Banking Finance, 33(7), 1299-1311. International Monetary Fund. (2013). France: Selected issues. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund. Department, I. M. F. M. C. M. (2013). France. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Trumbull, G. (2012). Credit Access and Social Welfare The Rise of Consumer Lending in the United States and France. Politics Society, 40(1), 9-34. Trumbull, G. (2010). Regulating for legitimacy: Consumer credit access in France and America. Harvard Business School BGIE Unit Working Paper, (11-047). Organisation, . E. C.-D. (2009). OECD Economic Surveys France 2009. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Yu, T. F. L., Wai-Kee, Y., Kwan, D. S. (2014). International economic development: leading issues and challenges. Routledge. Gup, B. E. (2007). Corporate governance in banking: A global perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.